AN ASSESSMENT OF TIMBER AS A SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIAL IN NIGERIA (Published)
Timber, as a building material, was assessed for its sustainability using data from secondary sources. It established that a sustainable building material must be environmental friendly, affordable, flexible in usage and durable. Timber possesses these characteristics. The paper thus compared fuel energy required to produce timber as well as carbon dioxide released and stored during production with other common building materials such as steel, concrete and aluminium. It observed that 750 MJ/m3, 26600MJ/m3, 4800MJ/m3 and 1100000 MJ/m3 of fossil fuel energy is required to produce Rough Sawn Timber, Steel, Concrete and Aluminium respectively. The work revealed that timber stores as much as 250 Kg/m3 of carbon dioxide (CO2) and releases only 15Kg/m3 into the atmosphere. In contrast, Steel, Concrete and Aluminium store no carbon dioxide while they release 5320 Kg/m3, 120Kg/m3 and 22000 Kg/m3 respectively into the atmosphere. Additionally plants, the primary source of timber, absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis with a comparatively low thermal conductivity advantage. The paper consequently concluded that since timber is readily available in the country, it is a highly sustainable building material in the nation. It posited that the problems associated with the usage of wood, such as attack by insects, fungi, fire, depletion of natural resources etc can be ameliorated with the aid of preservative treatments, fire retardant and afforestation
Keywords: Assessment, Building Material, Embodied Energy, Nigeria, Sustainable, Timber
An Assessment of Timber as a Sustainable Building Material in Nigeria (Review Completed - Accepted)
Timber, as a building material, was assessed for its sustainability using data from secondary sources. It established that a sustainable building material must be environmental friendly, affordable, flexible in usage and durable. Timber possesses these characteristics. The paper thus compared fuel energy required to produce timber as well as carbon dioxide released and stored during production with other common building materials such as steel, concrete and aluminium. It observed that 750 MJ/m3, 26600MJ/m3, 4800MJ/m3 and 1100000 MJ/m3 of fossil fuel energy is required to produce Rough Sawn Timber, Steel, Concrete and Aluminium respectively. The work revealed that timber stores as much as 250 Kg/m3 of carbon dioxide (CO2) and releases only 15Kg/m3 into the atmosphere. In contrast, Steel, Concrete and Aluminium store no carbon dioxide while they release 5320 Kg/m3, 120Kg/m3 and 22000 Kg/m3 respectivelyinto the atmosphere. Additionally plants, the primary source of timber, absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis with a comparatively low thermal conductivity advantage. The paper consequently concluded that since timber is readily available in the country, it is a highly sustainable building material in the nation. It posited that the problems associated with the usage of wood, such as attack by insects, fungi, fire, depletion of natural resources etc can be ameliorated with the aid of preservative treatments, fire retardant and afforestation.
Keywords: Assessment, Building Material, Embodied Energy, Nigeria, Sustainable, Timber
Effect of Timber Resource Processing on the Edibe-Edibe Creek in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria (Published)
This study examines the quality of water and the variation in the physical and chemical properties of water in the Edibe-edibe Creek. It also looked at the microbial characteristics of the Creek. The data for the study were derived from direct field observation, sampling measure in situ measure and laboratory analysis. The phypico-chemical parameters as well as the bacteriological parameters were analysed the laboratory using various instruments. The result of the analysis revealed that: except for electrical conductivity, PH and iron, all other parameters were on the increase from station one to two. However, nitrate had the same values in both, Station one and two. The biological analysis also revealed that the parameters had an increase value from station one to two. Generally, it was discovered that the water in this Creek is not good for domestic purposes because of the availability of nitrate and the acidic nature of the water.
Keywords: Creek, Parameters, Resource, Timber, Utilization
