Advocacy, Conducive Environment and Students’ Patronage of Library Information Services in Tertiary Institutions in University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State (Published)
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of advocacy and conducive environment on students’ patronage of information services in public tertiary institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The population of the study was all the 12739 registered undergraduate library users in public tertiary institutions in Rivers State for the 202/2022 academic session. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 790 students for the study. A researcher developed questionnaire named “Advocacy, Conducive Environment and Students’ Patronage of Information Services Questionnaire” (ACESPISQ) was used in collecting data for the study. The instrument was face validated by three experts. Cronbach Alpha was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and a coefficient of .86 was obtained. Mean was used to answer the research questions while independent t-test was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The findings of the study indicated that there is significant influence of advocacy and conducive environment on students’ patronage of information services in public tertiary institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. It was recommended among others that librarians need to constantly sensitize their students and staff of their institutions about the information services the library renders which can aid in satisfying their information needs.
Citation: Obi H.E. (2023) Advocacy, Conducive Environment and Students’ Patronage of Library Information Services in Tertiary Institutions in University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, British Journal of Education, Vol.11, Issue 3, 55-63
Keywords: Advocacy, Rivers State, Tertiary Institutions, University of Port Harcourt, conducive environment, library information services, students’ patronage
Effectiveness of Reproductive Health Education among In-School Adolescents in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria (Published)
Reproductive health knowledge is significant in the growth and development of young people and this significantly impact on their educational and personal outcome as they proceed to adulthood. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of reproductive health education among in-school adolescents in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study used a randomized control-group pretest-posttest research design. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select samples for the study. Data was collected using pretested questionnaire with reliability co-efficient of 0.89 for knowledge questions. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for windows (Version 21). Data were presented using descriptive statistics to answer research questions and inferential statistics such as ANOVA was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Cohen criterion for interpretation of the eta value was used to interpret the effectiveness of reproductive health education with 0.01 as small effect, 0.06 moderate effect, and 0.14 as large effect. The study findings indicated that intervention group had a higher mean knowledge score 23.76±2.98 while the control group had a mean score of 22.31±22.3. The study recommended that teachers of senior secondary schools should periodically use mixed teaching method to better incorporate old and young adolescents to increase better reproductive outcomes.
Citation: Ene-Bongilli, G. and Akoko, S. (2022) Effectiveness of Reproductive Health Education among In-School Adolescents in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, International Journal of Cell, Animal Biology and Genetics, Vol.7, No.1, pp., 39-51,
Keywords: Andoni, Nigeria, Rivers State, reproductive health education, school adolescents
Provision and Utilization of Security Information by Intelligence Agencies for the Maintenance of Law and Order in Rivers State (Published)
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between provision and utilization of security information for the maintenance of law and order in Rivers State. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was 2550 police officers serving in Rivers State. A sample of 486 police officers were used for the study using simple random sampling technique. A researcher made questionnaire entitled “Provision and Utilization of Security Information for Maintenance of Law and Order Questionnaire (PUSIMLOQ) was used in collecting data for the study. The instrument was face validated by three experts. Internal consistency reliability was conducted for the instrument and a coefficient of 0.81 was obtained. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used in answering the research questions and in testing the hypotheses. The finding of the study indicated that there is relationship between provision of security information and utilization for maintenance of law and order in Rivers’ State. It was recommended among others that citizens should readily provide security information to police for the maintenance of law and order in Rivers State.
Citation: Udumukwu. I J. and Wegwu B.J. (2022) Provision and Utilization of Security Information by Intelligence Agencies for the Maintenance of Law and Order in Rivers State, International Journal of Library and Information Science Studies, Vol.8, No.3, pp.60-68
Keywords: Law, Order, Provision, Rivers State, Utilization, intelligence agencies, security information
Facilities Management Impact on Public Organisations in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria (Published)
Facilities Management although not fully recognized and implemented is becoming an increasingly important factor in every aspect of management due to the special impact facilities management have on public organizations in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.This study assessed the impact of facilities management on public organization in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted field survey method using structured questionnaires, personal interviews and observations. Other instruments for data collection are archival documents and government sources. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula. Random sampling technique was used to select the sample from the public organizations. The data collected was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel Spread sheet, SPES (Statistical Package for Environmental Sciences), percentage tables and pie chat. The hypotheses were tested with arithmetic mean, standard deviation, co-efficient of variation and relative importance index. The result of this analysis showed that the impact of facilities management on different public organizations varied significantly. The study found out that facilities management practice has positive impact on public organizations in Port Harcourt, Rivers Sate but the resources allocated for public facilities management are not adequate. On the other hand, the factors militating against Facilities Management on Public Organization were identified and ranked by the respondents with the state of the economy in the nation. Based on the findings, the study concludes that the impact of Facilities Management on Public Organization in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State is very low and immature. It was recommended amongst others that individuals, public workers and governments should be on deck to improve the impact of facilities management on public organizations despite the economy of the nation while fighting corruption at all levels by the governments. Improvement of public basic facilities such as electricity power supply, basic facilities and others will positively rub on the public sector.
Citation: Fidelis Ifeanyi Emoh, Chioma C. Okechukwu, Esther I. Oladejo (2021) Facilities Management Impact on Public Organisations in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, British Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol.9, No.6, pp. 19-36
Keywords: FM impacts and challenges, Nigeria, Rivers State, facilities management, public facilities, public organizations
Effectiveness of Reproductive Health Education among In-School Adolescents in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria (Published)
Reproductive health knowledge is significant in the growth and development of young people and this significantly impact on their educational and personal outcome as they proceed to adulthood. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of reproductive health education among in-school adolescents in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study used a randomized control-group pretest-posttest research design. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select samples for the study. Data was collected using pretested questionnaire with reliability co-efficient of 0.89 for knowledge questions. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for windows (Version 21). Data were presented using descriptive statistics to answer research questions and inferential statistics such as ANOVA was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Cohen criterion for interpretation of the eta value was used to interpret the effectiveness of reproductive health education with 0.01 as small effect, 0.06 moderate effect, and 0.14 as large effect. The study findings indicated that intervention group had a higher mean knowledge score 23.76±2.98 while the control group had a mean score of 22.31±22.3. The study recommended that teachers of senior secondary schools should periodically use mixed teaching method to better incorporate old and young adolescents to increase better reproductive outcomes.
Citation: Ene-Bongilli, Goodness and Akoko, Sokiprim (2021) Effectiveness of Reproductive Health Education among In-School Adolescents in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, European Journal of Biology and Medical Science Research, Vol.9, No.4, pp.48-60
Keywords: Andoni Local Government Area, Nigeria, Rivers State, in-school adolescents, reproductive health education
Contributions of Faith-Based Organizations towards Peace Building for Sustainable Community Development in Rivers State, Nigeria (Published)
The paper is focused on the contributions of faith-based organizations in peace building process for sustainable development in Rivers state, Nigeria. The explanatory approach was adopted through secondary research materials to clarify understanding of concepts that formed major sub-headings in the discourse. The various views of researchers on the subject matter were adequately addressed. The key concepts in the study were also x-rayed. Activity areas of Faith- based organizations in peace building are highlighted. The study suggested among others, that the State and development agenciesshould synergize with faith-based organizations in areas of funding seminars on peaceful co-existence among the people. Also, Faith-based organizations should keep track of making peace among the people. This will enable them to offer early warning signals about conflicts to the government.
Keywords: Faith-Based, Nigeria, Organizations, Rivers State, peace building sustainable community development
Financial Deficiency Syndrome and Behavior of Low Income Earners in Rural Communities of Rivers State (Published)
This study examined the effect of financial deficiency on the behavior of low income earners in rural communities of Rivers State. The objective was to examine how financial deficiency affects the behavior of low income earner. One hundred respondents were selected from the 10 local governments in Rivers State. Questionnaire were designed and administered to the respondents in the local governments. Descriptive analysis and Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used as data analysis. Findings revealed that financial deficiency have positive effect on the behavior of low income earners in rural communities of Rivers State. The study recommends that government should formulate policies that will reduce unemployment in rural communities, the needs to increase public awareness on financial inclusion in the rural communities. Efforts should be advanced by the government to reduce financial exclusion in the rural communities of rivers state and the regulatory authorities should ensure equitable distribution of financial institutions and financial servicing to the rural communities in Rivers State.
Keywords: Rivers State, Rural Communities, behavior of low income earners, financial deficiency syndrome
Financial Deficiency Syndrome and Behaviour of Low Income Earners in Rural Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria (Published)
This study examined the effect of financial deficiency on the behavior of low income earners in rural communities of Rivers State. The objective was to examine how financial deficiency affects the behavior of low income earner. One hundred respondents were selected from the 10 local governments in Rivers State. Questionnaire were designed and administered to the respondents in the local governments. Descriptive analysis and Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used as data analysis. Findings revealed that financial deficiency have positive effect on the behavior of low income earners in rural communities of Rivers State. The study recommends that government should formulate policies that will reduce unemployment in rural communities, the needs to increase public awareness on financial inclusion in the rural communities. Efforts should be advanced by the government to reduce financial exclusion in the rural communities of rivers state and the regulatory authorities should ensure equitable distribution of financial institutions and financial servicing to the rural communities in Rivers State.
Keywords: Behaviour, Low Income Earners, Nigeria, Rivers State, Rural Communities, financial deficiency syndrome
Electronic Human Resource Management for University Administration in Rivers State (Published)
The study investigated electronic human resource management for University administration in Rivers State. Five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated to serve as guide for the study. The design adopted for the study was descriptive survey. Population of the study was 12,056 academic staff in Rivers State Universities while 749 academic staff were sampled for the study through stratified random sampling technique. Instrument used for data collection was a 25-item questionnaire titled “Electronic Human Resource Management for University Administration Questionnaire” (EHRMUAQ) and the instrument was validated by two experts in the Department of Educational Management, University of Port Harcourt. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha statistic with an index of 0.82.Research questions raised were answered using mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested using z-test at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study revealed that public and private Universities differ in the extent of use of electronic platforms for planning, recruitment and selection, wage administration and compensation, and performance appraisal for University administration, while they do not differ in the area of training and development. It was recommended among others that sufficient electronic devices should be provided in these Universities for carrying out these administrative functions.
Keywords: Electronic, Human resource, Management, Rivers State, university administration
The Impact of N-Power Programmes on Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: A Study of Rivers State (Published)
The study examined the impact of N-Power programmes on poverty alleviation in Nigeria: A study of Rivers State. Survey design was used in this study to generate data. A sample of 400 respondent youths was studied. After going through them 381 copies (i.e. 95.25% response rate) were found useful for the data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data in this study. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient (r) was used to test the hypotheses. The study found that the major N-Power programmes used towards Poverty alleviation in Rivers State included: N-Power Teach, N-Power Build, N-Power Creative, N-Power Agro, N-Power Tech Software N-Power Tax, N-Power Health and N-Power Tech Hardware. The study revealed that N-Power Programmes’ beneficiaries were mainly university and polytechnic graduates. The study found that the major factors that affected the implementation of N-Power programmes included: Insufficient information, non-payment of stipend to participants as at when due, bribery and corruption, wrong bank verification number (BVN), overbearing hands of politicians in the programme etc. It is evident and conclusive that: There is significant relationship between N-Power programmes and poverty alleviation in Rivers State and there is significant relationship between N-Power programmes and empowerment of the youths in Rivers State. The study therefore recommends that the authorities concerned should promote rural development through N-Power programmes. Also, government at all levels should reactivate moribund industries and enterprises and expand the horizon of N-Power programmes in that direction
Keywords: Poverty Alleviation, Rivers State, Youth Empowerment, n-power programmes, social investment programme Nigeria
Solar Water Supply for Rural Communities in Rivers State, Niger Delta of Nigeria (Published)
Several communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria are without electricity to pump water. Hospitals, health centers and schools that served a sizable population of the rural dwellers in the Niger Delta region are also affected. The used of solar energy for providing drinking water for rural areas of Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been presented. Data analysis and mathematical computations showed that Rivers State has monthly solar radiations up to 4kWh/m2/day, which is capable of pumping water from boreholes for communities with population more than 500 people. A systematic design process of an integrated solar-based water pumping system is presented. A method of solar water pumping design and sizing under Niger Delta environmental and meteorological conditions is presented. Evaluation of selected water installations in Rivers State indicated that solar water system is technologically viable in the region. Solar water pumping proved to offer sustainable solution to the challenge of drinking water supply in Rivers State and the entire Niger delta region. Policy makers and decision makers, in Rivers State should therefore decide in favor of solar water pumping systems when providing drinking water for the rural communities of the State.
Keywords: Niger-Delta, Rivers State, Rural Communities, Solar Water pumping
Performance of Fishery Cooperative Societies in Rivers State; Nigeria (Published)
In Nigeria fishery sub-sector accounts for about 40% of animal protein in the diet and contribute 4.4% of the agricultural share of the nation’s GDP in 2003. Nigeria is blessed with a vest expense of inland, fresh water, marine and brackish ecosystem which is richly bless with aquatic life. However Nigeria fish production volume of 0.5 tones cannot meet the annual demand of 1.3 million tonnes. Average annual fish consumption in the country has therefore stagnated a 9.2kg per capita, a situation that resulted in a huge supply and consumption gap. The study, therefore had its trust as appraising the performance of fishery cooperative societies in Rivers State. Data were obtained from 360 cooperative fishermen, from 12 purposively selected Local Government Area of Rivers State. Data obtained were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that, the respondents were of low educational qualification as such affected their initiative to improve the technique in the fish production as well as management of the fishing experience, had significant influence on the fishermen return as fishermen who went for more catch. Also, the findings from the study gave evidence that; there are three major sources used in the fishing exploit deep sea approach, the riverside and the creek. It was observed that more fishermen prefer the creek as fish tend to hide at the creek followed by the riverside approach with few exploiting the deep sea. The findings revealed that fishermen are faced with various degrees of challenges which range from pollution, climate change/bad weather, financial challenge; storage and processing facility; as well as high cost of fishing tools. The Researcher, therefore recommended among others that formal cooperative system of fish producers should be put in place to improve fish production in the areas.
Keywords: Cooperative Societies, Fishery, Nigeria, Rivers State
Adjustment Strategies of Widows to Widowhood Stress Based on Their Age: The Case of Rivers State, Nigeria (Published)
This study was aimed at investigating influence of age on adjustment strategies employed by widows in coping with widowhood stress in Rivers State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the conduct of the study at 0.05 probability level. A sample of 370 widows in Rivers State was drawn from the population via proportional stratified random sampling technique. Two instruments namely; Stress Level Scale for Widows (SLSW) and Questionnaire for Widows Adjustment Strategies (QWAS), both developed by the researcher were used for data collection. Data were analysed with mean, standard deviation and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance and the statistical package known as SPSS for widows was employed for the analyses. Results showed that; all the eight adjustment strategies (problem solving, cognitive restructuring, express emotion, social support, problem avoidance, wishful thinking, self-criticism and social withdrawal) are adopted by widows in ameliorating widowhood stress; there are slight differences among the mean values of the different age groups with regards to all the adjustment strategies of widows to widowhood stress. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations were made accordingly.
Keywords: Adjustment, Age, Rivers State, Strategies., Stress, Widowhood
Adjustment Strategies of Widows to Widowhood Stress In Rivers State, Nigeria (Published)
This study investigated the various adjustment strategies employed by widows in coping with widowhood stress in Rivers State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the conduct of the study at 0.05 alpha levels. A sample of 370 widows in Rivers State was drawn from the population through proportional stratified random sampling technique. Two instruments namely; Stress Level Scale for Widows (SLSW) and Questionnaire for Widows Adjustment Strategies (QWAS), both developed by the researcher were used for data collection. Data were analysed with mean, standard deviation and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance and the statistical package known as SPSS for widows was employed for the analyses. Results showed that; all the eight adjustment strategies (problem solving, cognitive restructuring, express emotion, social support, problem avoidance, wishful thinking, self-criticism and social withdrawal) are adopted by widows in ameliorating widowhood stress; ethnic group of widows’ influences their adjustment strategies to widowhood stress. Based on the findings of this work, three appropriate recommendations were made.
Keywords: Adjustment, Rivers State, Strategies., Stress, Widowhood
Psychosocial Factors Predicting Academic Adjustment of First Year University Undergraduates in Rivers State, Nigeria (Published)
This study was designed to determine the extent to which emotional intelligence, social support, self-esteem and coping strategies predict academic adjustment of first year university undergraduates in Rivers State, Nigeria. Correlation design was adopted for the study. Seven research questions and seven corresponding hypotheses guided the conduct of the study at 0.05 alpha levels. A sample of 382 first year university undergraduates of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, 2015/2016 academic session was chosen for the study through simple and proportional stratified random sampling techniques. Five instruments namely; Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory and Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire – Academic subscale were used for data collection. Simple and multiple regression analyses were used for data analysis. All data were subjected to analysis using statistical package for social science (SPSS). Results showed among others that; emotional intelligence, social support, self-esteem and coping strategies taken together significantly predicted academic adjustment of first year university undergraduates. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that; university authorities should introduce personality programmes that will provide training in emotional skills that will help university undergraduates in their overall adjustment to the new university environment.
Keywords: Academic, Adjustment, Psychosocial, Rivers State, Undergraduates, University
Family Attachment Patterns and School Adjustment of Secondary School Adolescents in Rivers State (Published)
The study examined the relationship between family attachment patterns and school adjustment of secondary school adolescents in Rivers State. The study adopted correlational design targeted at establishing the relationship between family attachment patterns and school adjustment. A total of 1,000 adolescent students were drawn through multi-stage sampling technique. They responded to two questionnaires titled; Attachment Style Classification Questionnaire (ASCQ) and School Adjustment Scale (SAS) on a four point scale. These instruments were validated and had reliability coefficient values of 0.733 for ASCQ and 0.728 for SAS respectively. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. Relevant data gathered were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistic and multiple regression analysis as statistical tools. The results of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between family attachment patterns and school adjustment which are all statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. Also, family attachment patterns-secure, anxious/ambivalent and avoidance collectively predict school adjustment of secondary school adolescents. The predictive relationship with an F-ratio of 204.638 was statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. In addition, the three family attachment patterns, jointly explains 38.5% of the variance in school adjustment of secondary school adolescents. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that families should be encouraged by stakeholders such as teachers, counsellors, school authorities etc to support their children and wards with school adjustment challenges in view of the fact that family attachment patterns relate with adolescents school adjustment.
Keywords: Adolescents, Family Attachment Patterns, Rivers State, school adjustment
Relationship between Family Conflict, Values and School Adjustment of Secondary School Adolescents in Rivers State (Published)
The study investigated the relationship between family conflict, values and school adjustment of secondary school adolescents in Rivers State. The study adopted correlational design targeted at establishing the relationship between family conflicts, values and school adjustment. A total of 1,000 adolescent students were drawn through multi-stage sampling technique. They responded to two questionnaires titled; Family Conflict and Values Scale (FCVS), and School Adjustment Scale (SAS) on a four point scale. These instruments were validated and had reliability coefficient values of 0.731 for FCVS and 0.728 for SAS respectively. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Relevant data gathered were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistic as statistical tool. The results of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between family conflict, values and school adjustment which are all statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that families should be encouraged by stakeholders such as teachers, counsellors, school authorities etc to support their children and wards with school adjustment challenges in view of the fact that these family variables (conflict and values) significantly relate with adolescents school adjustment.
Keywords: Adolescents, Family Conflict, Rivers State, Values, school adjustment
Predicting Occupational Stress from Emotional and Social Intelligence of Civil Servants in Rivers State (Published)
The study focused on predicting occupational stress of civil servants form their emotional and social intelligence in Rivers State. The study adopted correlational design. A total of 600 civil servants were drawn through proportionate stratified sampling technique. Three instruments, Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Social Intelligence Scale (SIS) and Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) which were validated and had reliability coefficients of 0.827 for EIS, 0.849 for SIS and 0.953 for OSI respectively. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Relevant data gathered were analyzed with multiple regression analysis as statistical tool. The result of the study showed that the combination of emotional intelligence dimensions and social intelligence components are significant predictors of the occupational stress of both female and male civil servants and the predictive strengths accounted for 81.9% and 91.6% respectively for the variance in the occupational stress. Based on the findings, it is recommended that since it has been established that both emotional intelligence and its dimensions as well as social intelligence and its components could predict the occupational stress of civil servants, efforts should be made by individual researchers and Government sponsored researchers to further research on whether high or low emotional and social intelligences could increase or decrease occupational stress among civil servants.
Keywords: Civil Servants, Emotional Intelligence, Rivers State, Social Intelligence, occupational Stress
The Relative Contribution of the Dimensions of Emotional and Social Intelligence in Predicting the Occupational Stress of Female and Male Civil Servants in Rivers State (Published)
The study examined the relative contributions of the dimensions of emotional and social intelligence in predicting the occupational stress of female and male civil servants in Rivers State. Four hypotheses were postulated and tested. Correlational design was used to gather data from 600 civil servants drawn through proportionate stratified sampling technique. Three instruments, Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Social Intelligence Scale (SIS) and Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) which were validated and had reliability coefficients of 0.827 for EIS, 0.849 for SIS and 0.953 for OSI respectively were the data gathering devices. Multiple regression analysis served as the statistical tool. The results of the study showed that the dimensions of emotional intelligence when considered separately, significantly predicts the occupational stress of both female and male civil servants. In the same vein, the components of social intelligence (social information processing, social skills and social awareness) when considered separately, significantly predicts the occupational stress of both female and male civil servants. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that gender stereotyping should be avoided in our work places. Since gender (female and male) do not mediate the occupational stress of civil servants.
Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Female Civil Servants, Male Civil Servants, Rivers State, Social Intelligence, occupational Stress
Influence of Age and Educational Level on Adjustment Strategies to Widowhood Stress in Rivers State, Nigeria (Published)
This study was designed to determine the extent to which age and educational level influence adjustment strategies to widowhood stress among widows in Rivers State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Two research questions and two corresponding hypotheses guided the conduct of the study at 0.05 alpha levels. A sample of 370 widows in Rivers State was drawn from the population through proportional stratified random sampling technique. Two instruments namely; Stress Level Scale for Widows (SLSW) and Questionnaire for Widows Adjustment Strategies (QWAS), both developed by the researcher were used for data collection. Data were analysed with mean, standard deviation and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance and the statistical package known as SPSS for widows was employed for the analyses. Results showed that; widows in Rivers State differ significantly in their adjustment strategies to widowhood stress on the basis of age, educational attainment. Based on the findings of this work, three relevant recommendations were made one of which is that counsellors could systematically use the adjustment strategies studied in this research to help widows to cope with widowhood stress
Keywords: Adjustment, Age, Educational Level, Rivers State, Stress, Widowhood
