Permissive and Authoritarian Parenting Styles as Predictors of Moral Behaviour Among Secondary School Adolescents in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria (Published)
The study investigated parenting styles, emotional support and moral behaviour among secondary school adolescents in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers state. A sample of 800 students from a population of 15,337 junior secondary school students was used for the study. Simple random and proportionate stratified sampling techniques were used to compose the sample. Six research questions were answered while six corresponding null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Three instruments were used for the study. They are the Moral Behaviour Questionnaire (MBQ), the Parenting Styles Survey (PSS), and the Parental Emotional Support Questionnaire (PESQ). The instruments were validated by the researcher’s supervisor and three experts in Psychological Measurement and Evaluation. The reliabilities of the instruments were tested using Cronbach alpha reliability method of internal consistency. Reliability coefficient of the items in the authoritative parenting style at 0.66; authoritarian parenting style at 0.61; permissive parenting style at 0.73; uninvolved parenting style at 0.74; parental emotional support at 0.77; and the moral behaviour at 0.65 were high enough to guarantee their use for the study. Research questions 1 to 5 were answered using simple regression while their corresponding null hypotheses were tested using t-test associated with regression. Research question 6 was answered using multiple regression while its corresponding null hypothesis was tested with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the study are that parenting styles and parental emotional support predict moral behaviours of students. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made, one of which is that parents, especially mothers should be more intentional in spending time and getting involved with their children so as t enhance the development of their children’s moral behaviour. This study has established empirically that the parenting styles predict moral behaviour.
Citation: Wilcox, U.N. and Chujor C. J. (2023) Permissive and Authoritarian Parenting Styles as Predictors of Moral Behaviour Among Secondary School Adolescents in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria, International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, Vol. 11, No.3, pp.58-71
Keywords: Authoritarian, Moral behaviour, Parenting Styles, permissive
Parenting Styles as Correlates of Students’ Attitude towards Examination Malpractices in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State: Implications for Counselling (Published)
Parenting styles refers to practices adopted by parents in rearing their children. A good parenting style is needed to develop in a child interpersonal relationship, capacity to take initiatives, self-reliance, motivation and to conform to societal acceptable code of conduct. Bad parenting style is counterproductive and may as well get children involved in antisocial behaviours including examination malpractices. This work is a correlational study intended to determine the relationship between parenting styles and students’ attitude towards examination malpractices. Three research questions and three hypotheses were designed to guide the study. The instruments for data collection were Students’ Attitude to Examination Malpractices Scale and Parenting Style Scale. These instruments were vetted by three experts in Educational Psychology. The reliability coefficient of Attitude to Examination Malpractices Scale measured through test-retest method and Pearson product moment correlation technique was 0.86. The reliability indices of sections of Parenting Style Scale established through Cronbach Alpha technique were 0.68, 0.81, 0.73 and 0.84 for sections A, B, C and D respectively. It was found that though, majority of the students showed negative attitude towards examination malpractices, a sizeable percentage of them showed positive attitude towards the malaise. Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful parenting styles had a significant joint relationship with students’ attitude towards examination malpractices. Authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles each had individual negative relationship with students’ attitude towards examination malpractices while neglectful parenting style had a positive relationship with students’ attitude towards examination malpractices. Based on these findings, it is imperative for the counsellors to assist prospective couples through premarital counselling or marital counselling to adopt good parenting styles especially authoritative parenting style in nurturing their children. Appreciable number of counsellors should be employed by the government of Rivers State and sent to secondary schools to help maladjusted students acquire good value re-orientation that will enable them distinguish what is good from what is bad with a view to avoiding negative tendencies including examination malpractices
Keywords: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Corruption, Examination, Fraud, Test, antisocial behaviour, cheating, malpractices, neglectful parenting styles, permissive
Parenting Styles as Correlates of Students’ Attitude towards Examination Malpractices in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State: Implications for Counselling (Published)
Parenting styles refers to practices adopted by parents in rearing their children. A good parenting style is needed to develop in a child interpersonal relationship, capacity to take initiatives, self-reliance, motivation and to conform to societal acceptable code of conduct. Bad parenting style is counterproductive and may as well get children involved in antisocial behaviours including examination malpractices. This work is a correlational study intended to determine the relationship between parenting styles and students’ attitude towards examination malpractices. Three research questions and three hypotheses were designed to guide the study. The instruments for data collection were Students’ Attitude to Examination Malpractices Scale and Parenting Style Scale. These instruments were vetted by three experts in Educational Psychology. The reliability coefficient of Attitude to Examination Malpractices Scale measured through test-retest method and Pearson product moment correlation technique was 0.86. The reliability indices of sections of Parenting Style Scale established through Cronbach Alpha technique were 0.68, 0.81, 0.73 and 0.84 for sections A, B, C and D respectively. It was found that though, majority of the students showed negative attitude towards examination malpractices, a sizeable percentage of them showed positive attitude towards the malaise. Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful parenting styles had a significant joint relationship with students’ attitude towards examination malpractices. Authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles each had individual negative relationship with students’ attitude towards examination malpractices while neglectful parenting style had a positive relationship with students’ attitude towards examination malpractices. Based on these findings, it is imperative for the counsellors to assist prospective couples through premarital counselling or marital counselling to adopt good parenting styles especially authoritative parenting style in nurturing their children. Appreciable number of counsellors should be employed by the government of Rivers State and sent to secondary schools to help maladjusted students acquire good value re-orientation that will enable them distinguish what is good from what is bad with a view to avoiding negative tendencies including examination malpractices.
Keywords: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Corruption, Examination, Fraud, Test, antisocial behaviour, cheating, malpractices, neglectful parenting styles, permissive
