Using CRT-Based Forums to Develop Self-Efficacy of Secondary EFL Teachers’ In Kuwait (Published)
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of critical reflective thinking (CRT)-based forums in developing EFL teachers’ self-efficacy in Kuwait. Subsidiary aims of the study include: ascertaining EFL teachers’ perceptions of their own teaching skills and motivation strategies both before and after CRT-based forums implementation. The quasi-experimental research design was seen to be the most appropriate for fulfilling the aims of the study. Data were collected over two phases. At the pre-intervention phase data were collected via two instruments. These were (1) Self-Efficacy Scale for Teaching Skills (SESTS) and (2) Self-Efficacy Scale for Motivation Strategies (SESMS). To assess the impact of CRT-based forums at the post-intervention phase, participants were asked to respond to the same scales in addition to a self-reflection form that asked them to articulate their reactions and assessments of the professional development experience they participated in. Participants’ responses to both scales were analyzed quantitatively whereas their responses to the self-reflection form were analyzed qualitatively. The study participants were 93 female secondary school EFL teachers in Kuwait. They belonged to fairly common academic, social and cultural backgrounds. The CRT-based forums addressed thinking maps as a teaching learning strategy that could be successfully implemented in EFL contexts. Analysis of data indicated a positive impact of the CRT-based forums on developing female secondary school EFL teachers’ self-efficacy as for their own language teaching skills and motivation strategies. Findings of the study were discussed and a set of implications and recommendations were highlighted.
Keywords: Critical-Reflective Thinking (CRT), Language Teaching Skills, Motivation Strategies, Self-Efficacy, Thinking Maps
Using CRT-Based Forums to Develop Self-Efficacy of Secondary EFL Teachers’ In Kuwait (Published)
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of critical reflective thinking (CRT)-based forums in developing EFL teachers’ self-efficacy in Kuwait. Subsidiary aims of the study include: ascertaining EFL teachers’ perceptions of their own teaching skills and motivation strategies both before and after CRT-based forums implementation. The quasi-experimental research design was seen to be the most appropriate for fulfilling the aims of the study. Data were collected over two phases. At the pre-intervention phase data were collected via two instruments. These were (1) Self-Efficacy Scale for Teaching Skills (SESTS) and (2) Self-Efficacy Scale for Motivation Strategies (SESMS). To assess the impact of CRT-based forums at the post-intervention phase, participants were asked to respond to the same scales in addition to a self-reflection form that asked them to articulate their reactions and assessments of the professional development experience they participated in. Participants’ responses to both scales were analyzed quantitatively whereas their responses to the self-reflection form were analyzed qualitatively. The study participants were 93 female secondary school EFL teachers in Kuwait. They belonged to fairly common academic, social and cultural backgrounds. The CRT-based forums addressed thinking maps as a teaching learning strategy that could be successfully implemented in EFL contexts. Analysis of data indicated a positive impact of the CRT-based forums on developing female secondary school EFL teachers’ self-efficacy as for their own language teaching skills and motivation strategies. Findings of the study were discussed and a set of implications and recommendations were highlighted.
Keywords: Critical-Reflective Thinking (CRT), Language Teaching Skills, Motivation Strategies, Self-Efficacy, Thinking Maps
Sustainable Motivational Factors towards the Enhancement of Employees Productivity and Efficiency (Published)
Motivation is the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction to achieve organization’s desired goals and objectives. Motivation is one of the most significant ways to attract and retain employees in an organization as well as to make them to do most productive and efficient work. Motivational factors and strategies are very significant concept of management activities to retain and make them loyal employees. All over the world, the large multinational corporations to medium and even small firms recognize that there is no best alternative ways than motivational strategies to communicate with employees and motivate them to most desired and productive work in the most efficient ways. The more a firm knows about its employee’s base, their needs, the easier it is to develop a motivational strategy that will appeal to these characteristics and motivated them well. The purpose of the study is to fine out and determine the distinct motivational strategies and factors which will suit the best to motivate employees. In the present competitive world if any business organization has to survive, it needs to keep an eye on the distinct needs of employees as well as the factors that motivate them well. The study investigates, measures, and evaluates the motivational activities of any organization from the reflection light of employee’s perceptions. To do this Five-Point Likert Scale has been used to survey employees. The study actually reveals the state of employee driven motivational activities and strategies and the employee perception on this perspective and whether these activities are standard and employee perceptions are able to increase productivity and efficiency in every organization. The study also focused to the extent that whether these activities and the defined employee perception can create positive impact on organization and be able to create positive contribution on the building of brand image of the organization. The study found that different motivational activities and its dimensions bound employees to perceive value chain of their work differently and motivate them well. So every organization should analyze the motivational factors and strategies as well as employees expectations first and then it should make a diagram or plan so that the organization can meet its target goals and objectives in the long run through employee satisfaction.
Keywords: ERG Theory, Employee Satisfaction, Employee driven motivation strategies, Equity Theory, Goal Setting Theory., Motivation, Motivation Strategies, Motivation-Hygiene Theory, expectancy theory
