Optimization of Process Conditions in the Multi – stage Pulping method for the Production of Micro Crystalline Cellulose from Groundnut Husk (Published)
This study investigated the optimum processing conditions for obtaining the yield and purity of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder obtained from groundnut husk (GH) using response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the optimum process conditions for producing MCC from alpha cellulose obtained from GH. The variables investigated for getting the optimum conditions were temperature (81.5 – 98.4o C), hydrolysis time (0.5 – 2.5h) and the concentration ratio of the acid were (4 – 18.7g/ml). Groundnut husk of 1.00mm particle size was selected for the multi – stage pulping method using ethanol and nitric acid in ratio. The FTIR spectra indicated extensive removal of lignin and hemicellulose. The XRD shows that the material is crystalline in nature with two prominent peak, the pH is 6.0 and the physicochemical analysis confirms to the British Standard of Pharmacopeia. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that temperature was the most influential factor for hydrolyzing the amorphous sections of cellulose and improving purity. Under optimal conditions, the percentage yield and percentage purity of the alpha cellulose obtained were 73.79% and 88.08% respectively. The theoretical values for the percentage yield of the extracted alpha cellulose were close to the experimental one, resulting in small error percentages of 1.27% and 2.59%, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the RSM technique based on CCD design is suitable for optimizing the variables influencing the hydrolyzing of cellulose.
Keywords: Groundnut husk (GH), groundnut husk (Arachis hypogaea), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
The Effect of Particle Size of Groundnut Husk for the Production of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Groundnut Husk (GH (Published)
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an important product used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and wood pulp industries. Agricultural waste, now the recent and most commonly used material for the production of MCC has found significance in the market due to the high content of cellulose and availability. In this work, microcrystalline cellulose was produced from various selected sizes of groundnut husk to obtain an optimum particle size for the production of GH-MCC at fixed temperature, time and concentration. Alkali treatment was used followed by bleaching in this process. The FTIR indicates extensive removal of lignin and hemicellulose, while the physicochemical analysis conforms to standards. The percentage yield obtained were 32%, 32%, 32%, 28%, 32%, 44%, 28%, 32%, 52%, 36%, 56%, 48% AND 40% for the particles sizes 3.35mm, 2.80mm, 2.36mm, 2.00mm, 1.70mm, 1.40mm, 1.19mm, 1.18mm, 1.00mm, 0.560mm, 0.500mm, 0.425mm and 0.212mm respectively.
Citation: Hassana .G.A, O.A Ameh, and M. T. Isa (2021) The Effect of Particle Size of Groundnut Husk for the Production of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Groundnut Husk (GH), Global Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research, Vol.9, No.1, pp., 21-34
Keywords: Groundnut husk (GH), Physicochemical Analysis, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
Optimization of Process Parameters for the Alkali Treatment of Alpha Cellulose from Groundnut Husk (Arachis hypogaea) (Published)
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is described as purified, partially depolymerised cellulose prepared by treating α-cellulose, obtained as a pulp from fibrous plant with mineral acids. Groundnut husk of 1.00mm particle size was selected for the alkali treatment using sodium hydroxide. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction of alpha cellulose from groundnut husk (Arachis hypogaea) a specie of Samnut 10, it was treated using alkali method using different concentration of NaOH. The independent variables include time, concentration and temperature were optimized using central composite design (CCD). The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that temperature was the most influential factor for the extraction of alpha cellulose. Under optimal conditions; temperature at 800C, time at 1h and concentration ratio of 0.90, the percentage yield and percentage purity of the alpha cellulose obtained were 76.44% and 40.89% respectively. The theoretical values for the percentage yield of the extracted alpha cellulose were close to the experimental one, resulting in small error percentages of 2.73% and 0.187%, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the RSM technique based on CCD design is suitable for optimizing the variables influencing the extraction of alpha cellulose.
Citation: Hassana. A. G, Ameh .O. Alewo and M. T. Isa (2021) Optimization of Process Parameters for the Alkali Treatment of Alpha Cellulose from Groundnut Husk (Arachis hypogaea), International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology Studies, Vol. 9, No.2, pp.1-18
Keywords: Groundnut husk (GH), groundnut husk (Arachis hypogaea), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
