Ethno pharmacology and Qualitative Phytochemical analysis of some Medicinal plants of Niyamagiri hill, Kalahandi, Odisha (Published)

The traditional knowledge of making drugs from medicinal plants have a major role in pharmaceutical industries. The objective of the present work is to find out how tribal peoples make use of plants as their medicine to prevent numerous diseases without having any modern medical science mastery.The structure of the research was based on four parts: 1. Ethnobotanical survey study.2.plants use value.3. Phytochemical screening.4. Ethnomedicinal uses.The research work developed in tribal community of Niyamagiri hills, Kalahandi district of Odisha, India. The duration of the research was one year.The collection of medicinal plants were done from tribal peoples of Niyamagiri hill region of Kalahandi district of Odisha. plant extraction was performed in the lab, followed by Phytochemical screening. The results reflects the rich diversity of medicinal plants of Niyamagiri hill with 50 plants species are used as herbal therapy for the healing of various ailments. Among them, 13 plants were trees, 12 plants were shrubs,        and 25 plants were herbs. These were enumerated with their medicinal value. Out of the 50 plant species studied 43 were dicot and 7 were monocot. The study identified 50 medicinal plants belonging to 35 families used against 27 diseases categories such as, skin diseases, gastro intestinal disease, wound healing etc. treating various kinds of ailments between different ethnic communities in Niyamagiri hill. The plants use value Show that the most frequently used plant species was B. laciniosa, Z.oenoplia, T. bracteata giving the highest use value of 1.33. B. laciniosa is recognized to its use in the treatment of different ailments and it is well renowned by all informants as the plant having the maximum medicinal value. The extracts phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Alkaloid, Flavonoids, phenols, Tannins, Saponins Terpenoids in all plants approximately .G.sylvestre contain all of these secondary metabolites except Saponins.

Citation: Sangeeta Das and , A. Leelaveni  (2022) Ethno pharmacology and Qualitative Phytochemical analysis of some Medicinal plants of Niyamagiri hill, Kalahandi, Odisha, European Journal of Botany, Plant Sciences and Phytology, Vol.7, No.1, pp.7-27

Keywords: Kalahandi, Niyamagiri hill, Odisha, ethno pharmacology, medicinal plants, qualitative phytochemical analysis

Ethnomedicinal Assets of Plants Collected From Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria (Published)

An ethno-medicinal survey of plants used in treating various diseases and ailments was carried out in the study area of Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria to obtain information on their uses and potentials. The ethno-medicinal survey was administered through structured questionnaires among local inhabitants from areas with high plant density and diversity within the various Local Government Areas of the State. A total of 82 (Eighty two) plant species belonging to 43 (Forty Three) families were found to be useful in treatment of various ailments such as diabetes, measles, fever, asthma, jaundice, pneumonia, sexually transmitted diseases(STDs), aches, diarrhea, cough, arthritis, yellow fever, typhoid, erectile dysfunction and excessive bleeding. Different parts of the plant such as the roots, leaves and stems are used in preparing herbal remedies which could be from dry or freshly collected plants. The main methods of preparation are decoction or infusion, while in some cases the plant parts used are consumed directly. Residents in the study areas find the herbal remedy cheaper and more accessible and claimed that there are no side effects compared to orthodox medicine. This study has confirmed the need towards the conscious conservation of plant genetic resources in order to ensure sustained access to these ethno-medicinal plant materials.

Keywords: Ethnomedicinal Assets, Nigeria, Plants, medicinal plants

Ethno Veterinary Medicine Knowledge and Practices In and Around Gondar, Ethiopia (Published)

A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2013 to April, 2014 in and around Gondar town, northern Gondar administrative zone of the Amhara region with the objective of documentation of ethno veterinary medicine knowledge and practices and identifying the challenges of the traditional medicine practice by using semi structured questionnaire survey and focal person discussion. The information was collected on 96 traditional veterinary medicine knowledgeable live stock owners, among those 90(93.8%) were males while 6(6.2%) were females and 60(62.5%) of them were above 50 age group level. During the study 68 traditionally used medicinal plants and 24 non plants traditional remedy materials were documented and also the study was indicate that 45 live stock diseases could be treated locally. Among the total respondents, 43(44.8%) of them were predominantly indicate veterinary clinic was the common animal health management. likewise from the main sources of traditional knowledge, family (44.8%) followed by friends (19.8%) were the most sources of indigenous knowledge. furthermore, study revealed that simple to practice (25%), cost affordability (20.8%) and easily availability of raw materials (16.7%) were the most factors that drive for the practice of traditional medicine. The survey were indicate that root parts (67.7%) followed by leaf parts (35.4%) of the medicinal plants were the main plant parts for remedy preparations again pounding and crushing(79.2%) were indicate as the common methods of traditional remedy preparation predominantly. Additionally this study revealed that liquid dosage form (54.2%) followed by an ointment (20.8%) were the most dosage form of traditional remedies with predominant administration of oral route (75%) followed by topical routes (22.9%). Regarding to challenges of traditional medicine practices the study indicated that imprecise dosage (62.5%) was the main challenge of traditional medicine practice. The study revealed that as there were no any medicinal plant conservation activity and official training. From the study, conservation and utilization of medicinal plants, encouragement and exploitation of indigenous knowledge rich persons and further pharmacological study of medicinal plants should be recommended.

Keywords: Challenges, Ethno Veterinary Medicine, Indigenous knowledge, medicinal plants

Studies on Methods of Breaking Seed Dormancy and Germination Enhancement in Senna Alata (L.) Roxb., A Plant With Great Medicinal Value (Published)

Senna alata is a plant with great medicinal value that belongs to Fabaceae family and grows as wild perennial shrubby species. Seeds of this species possess seed coat-induced dormancy. The seeds were subjected to different treatment methods and durations of exposure to break the dormancy and enhance germination. Treatments includes scarification with 60, 80 and 100% H2SO4 and HCL for 2, 4 and 6 min; exposure to 60, 80 and 100 0C dry (oven) and wet (hot water) heat for 2, 4 and 6 min; and soaking in water for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 h. The experimental results revealed that seeds scarified with 100% H2SO4 for 4 and 6 min were the most effective treatments for enhancing seed germination (both gave 100.00% germination), followed by 100 0C wet heat for 6 min (77.50%) and 80% H2SO4 for 6 min (70.00%). Other treatments were less effective. The treatments that gave significantly higher germination percentages also produced low MGT (1.80, 1.73, 2.71 and 1.51 days, respectively) and increased GI (90.25, 92.67. 63.00 and 65.00, respectively) without having any significant negative effects on the radicle length of the seedlings. These are desirable for field establishment and production of uniform plant population of S. alata

Keywords: Germination, Scarification, Seed Dormancy, medicinal plants

Ethnobotanical Survey Of Medicinal Plants Used For The Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus In Ekiti South Senatorial District, Nigeria. (Published)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common deadly disease that affects mankind in both the poor and developed countries of the world. It is rather unfortunate that the number of people suffering from this disease particularly in Nigeria is on the increase. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to document medicinal plants commonly used for the treatment of DM by the inhabitants of Ekiti South Senatorial Districts of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study revealed that 30 plant species belonging to 12 families were cited by the respondents as being used in the area for the treatment of DM. Mangifera indica and Alstonia boonei of the families Anacadiaceae and Apocynaceae respectively, were repeatedly mentioned as the two mostly used plants for the treatment of DM in the study area. About 53.33% of the plants cited were reported as being rare, thus further studies on their conservation strategies were suggested.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Ekiti South Senatorial District., Indigenous knowledge, medicinal plants

INVESTIGATION ON THE MEDICINAL AND NUTRITIONAL POTENTIALS OF SOME VEGETABLES CONSUMED IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA (Published)

Nine medicinally important vegetables consumed in Ekiti State, Nigeria were analyzed to determine their proximate and phytochemical contents using standard analytical procedure. These vegetables are Corchorus. olitorious L., Cnidoscolus acontifolius Mill., Vernonia amygdalina L., Cucurbita pepo L., Ocimum gratissimum L., Senecio biafrae Olive & Heirn., Moringa oleifera L., Telfaria occidentalis Hook. F. and Hibiscus asper Hook. F.. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of reducing sugar in all the plant samples analyzed. Saponins and tannins were discovered in four of the plant samples. Seven of the nine plants have philobatannins and cardiac glycosides while alkaloids and steroids were detected in two samples. Anthroquinine was absent in all the vegetable plants. Quatitative phytochemical analysis further revealed reducing sugar, tannins, flavonoids, saponins alkanoids and phenols composition in different proportions, with values ranging from 141.88 mg/100g to 210.07 mg/100g, 44.05 mg/100g to 70.89 mg/100g, 11.71 mg/100g to 41.08 mg/100g, 0.76 mg/100g to 5.88 mg/100g, 163.77 mg/100g to 269.86 mg/100g, and 110.43 mg/100g to 116.68 mg/100g respectively. The percentage proximate values for moisture content, ash, crude fat, crude protein crude fibre and carbohydrate content in the leaves ranged from 50.20% to 88.30%, 7.67% to 10.17%, 1.53% to 4.99%, 13.70% to 24.90%, 10.10% to 21.81% and 40.99% to 53.04% respectively. The results of the study lend credence to the significance of the nine vegetables in the treatments and prevention of various ailments and diseases. Furthermore, high protein, fibre, carbohydrates and low fat contents justify their nutritional importance in human daily diet.

Keywords: Phytochemical, Proximate, Vegetables, medicinal plants