Work Incentives and Job Commitment among University Lecturers in Ekiti State (Published)
The study investigated work incentives and job commitment among university lecturers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study examined the extent to which lecturers are committed to their job in the university as well as the level of work incentives available to lecturers in university. The study investigated the relationship between each of the work incentives components (remuneration, recognition and job security) and job commitment of university lecturers. The study adopted a descriptive research design of the survey type. The population for the study consisted of 1,185 lecturers in the three universities in Ekiti State as the time of this study. The sample for the study consisted of 300 respondents selected from the 3 universities using multistage sampling procedure which involved simple and purposive sampling techniques. The instrument used for this study was self-designed questionnaire titled ‘Work Incentives and Lecturers Job Commitment Questionnaire (WILJCQ)’. The instrument was validated by experts in Educational Management and Tests and Measurement. Test-retest method of reliability was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument. The data collected from the administration of the instruments were correlated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and a reliability co-efficient of 0.76 was obtained for WILJCQ which was considered high enough to be reliable for the study. All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that the level of work incentives available to lecturers was moderate. The study also showed the extent to which lecturers are committed to their job in the universities. The study further revealed that there was significant relationship between work incentives and lecturers’ job commitment in universities in Ekiti State. Work incentives are highly related to lecturers’ job commitment. It was found that there was significant positive relationship between remuneration and lecturers’ job commitment. There was no significant relationship between recognition and lecturers’ job commitment. The study also revealed a positive significant relationship between job security and lecturers’ job commitment. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that prompt payment of salaries and allowances as well as all other allowances to lecturers should be paid as and when due, as this goes a long way to improve lecturers’ job commitment. It is also recommended that management of universities should put in place favourable conditions of service that will guarantee job security of academic staff towards enhancing their job commitment.
Keywords: Job Security, Recognition, Remuneration, Work incentives, job commitment
The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Productivity (Published)
This research study investigated the effect of work environment on employee productivity using Edo City Transport Service whether inadequacy of the various conditional factors can affect productivity of employee. The objective of this study therefore geared towards ascertaining whether the nature of work environment lead to low productivity, absenteeism and lateness among employees. With the objective of the study in mind, this research project work focused on examining the effect of work environment. To achieve the study objectives and for the purpose of this seminar paper, secondary data were collected and analyzed as well. From the research findings, if good office environment is provided for employees, it will go a long way to enhance their morale and performance. Also, if office is neat, noiseless, properly arranged well lighted and ventilated, employees will feel a sense of belonging and this will make them to work efficiently and effectively. Good physical working environment inspires workers to spend more time in their various offices, employees responded emotionally better towards the provision of good office environment by not absenting themselves unnecessarily from work, lateness to work and other negative attitude will be drastically reduced. Good working environment increase individual output therefore leading to growth of the organization. Based on the research study findings, the researcher recommended the followings: The organization should map out programme for provision of good work environment to increase productivity and of promoting occupational safety and health of workers. The organization should ensure that the office of its workers is always clean, tiding up and properly arranged for easy movement and comfortable to the workers and customers.
Keywords: Environment, Job Security, Loading Bay, Morale, Productivity, Prospective
The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Productivity: A Case Study of Edo City Transport Services Benin City, Edo State Nigeria (Published)
This research study investigated the effect of work environment on employee productivity using Edo City Transport Service whether inadequacy of the various conditional factors can affect productivity of employee. The objective of this study therefore geared towards ascertaining whether the nature of work environment lead to low productivity, absenteeism and lateness among employees. With the objective of the study in mind, this research project work focused on examining the effect of work environment. To achieve the study objectives and for the purpose of this seminar paper, secondary data were collected and analyzed as well. From the research findings, if good office environment is provided for employees, it will go a long way to enhance their morale and performance. Also, if office is neat, noiseless, properly arranged well lighted and ventilated, employees will feel a sense of belonging and this will make them to work efficiently and effectively. Good physical working environment inspires workers to spend more time in their various offices, employees responded emotionally better towards the provision of good office environment by not absenting themselves unnecessarily from work, lateness to work and other negative attitude will be drastically reduced. Good working environment increase individual output therefore leading to growth of the organization. Based on the research study findings, the researcher recommended the followings: The organization should map out programme for provision of good work environment to increase productivity and of promoting occupational safety and health of workers. The organization should ensure that the office of its workers is always clean, tiding up and properly arranged for easy movement and comfortable to the workers and customers.
Keywords: Environment, Job Security, Loading Bay, Morale, Productivity, Prospective
The Implication of Female Labour Force Participation on Economic Growth in Cameroon (Published)
This paper is design to investigate the determinants of female labour force in Cameroon and its influence on the economic growth of the country using a times series approach for 37 years (1980-2014). Adopting a Generalized Method of Moment technique of estimation with two models we observed that dependency ratio, fertility rate, male labour force and per capita income are clear determinants of female labour force in Cameroon. The economic growth equation shows opposite significant between female and male labour supply on economic growth over our period of the study. Based on these findings, we recommend that there is need to change social norms and to directly target a potentially large and important cohort of Jordan’s labor supply.
Keywords: Casual workers, Economics Growth, Female Labour Force Participation, Hazardous Working Conditions, Job Security, Poor Working Environments, Poverty among Women
IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION ON THEIR PERFORMANCE… A CASE STUDY OF BANKING SECTOR IN MUZAFFARGARH DISTRICT, PAKISTAN. (Published)
Everybody knows that successful implementation of any strategic objective depends on the inspiration and hard work of the company employees. Researches indicate that satisfied employees are the major asset and source of any bank for successful achievement of its short-term and long-term objectives. The present study investigates the link between job satisfaction with the job salary package, job security, and reward system, and impact of this satisfaction on employees’ job performance in banking sector of Muzaffargarh District, Pakistan. Data is gathered randomly from sample of 150 employees selected from 10 branches of different banks situated in Muzaffargarh District. Descriptive statistics have been applied to check the relationship between two variables (job satisfaction and job performance. The results of study indicate that the relationship between job satisfaction and job pay package, job security, and reward system is positively correlated. And the impact of this satisfaction is direct and significant on employees’ job performance.
Keywords: Employee pay package, Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, Job Security, Reward system
JOB SECURITY AND JOB SATISFACTION AS DETERMINANTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG UNIVERSITY TEACHERS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA (Published)
The purpose of this study was to find out the extent to which job security and job satisfaction predicted organizational commitment of university teachers in Cross River State, Nigeria. The relative contribution of each of the two independent variables to the prediction was also investigated. A survey design was adopted and the study sample consisted of 290 lecturers selected from 2 universities using purposive sampling technique. Two hypotheses guided the study. Instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and t-test. The result of the study revealed that both job security and job satisfaction jointly had a significant effect (F = 9.87; P< .05) on organizational commitment of university teachers. There was also a significant correlation between the joint predictor variables and organizational commitment (R = 0.593; P<.05). Job satisfaction was a more potent predictor of organizational commitment (t = 3.38; P < .05) than job security ( t = 2.75; P < .05). The two independent variables made significant relative contributions to the determinacy of organizational commitment of university teachers. Premised on these findings it was recommended that the government and university management should improve upon existing motivational strategies to ensure job satisfaction of academic staff in order to enhance their commitment. Actions of government and university authority that would lead to threats of job security among academic staff should be avoided as this could jeopardize their sense of commitment.
Keywords: Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Job Security, Teachers, Universities
Factors Influencing Motivation Level of Academic Staff in Education Sector of Pakistan (Published)
The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between rewards and work motivation of Public Sector College teachers of Pakistan. A Questionnaire was used to collect information from 200 respondents. It was composed of 37 items that measured rewards and overall motivation of academic staff. Rewards were measured using five dimensions namely: pay, working conditions, job security, work itself and recognition. Data analysis was done using correlations and regression techniques. Work itself and recognition had statistically strong positive and significant association with motivation of teachers. However weaker relationship was found with working conditions and pay. This study conducted upon college/university teachers can also be conducted upon school teachers and other sector organizations. Dimensions of rewards, other than the five, used in this study can also be taken to determine their association with motivation as well as impact of demographics on motivation.
Keywords: Job Security, Motivation, Pay, Recognition, Work Itself, Working Condition
