Phytochemical And Antimicrobial Activity of Neem Seed Oil (Azadirachta Indica) On Bacteria Isolates (Published)
Antibacterial activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil extract was investigated using microbial growth inhibition zone. The neem seed oil was obtained by the cold extraction method using ethanol as an organic solvent of which 42ml of oil was obtained from 70g of neem seeds, with 40g (57%) of residue. Oil extracted was screened for its antibacterial properties and phytochemical components. The test organisms used were Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi had the highest zones of inhibition while Escherichia coli had the least zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The Phytochemical screening of the sample revealed the presence of Tannin, Alkaloid and Hydrogen cyanide.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Inhibition, Phytochemical, extract, neem
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Guiera Senegalensis and Prosopis Africana Leave Extract on Some Bacterial Pathogens (Published)
The bioactive components of the leaves of Guiera senegalensis and Prosopis africana were extracted using ethanol, aqueous and crude extraction methods. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides and steroids, while glycosides and alkaloids were absent in P. africana and G. senegalensis respectively. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of G. senegalensis showed 1.352mg/100g of flavonoids and 14.59mg/100g of phenols. Prosopis africana quantitatively showed 3.041mg/100g flavonoids and 10.22mg/100g phenol content. The various extracts were investigated for their antibacterial activity using agar diffusion methods of susceptibility testing against the test organisms. The ethanolic extract of Prosopis africana demonstrated the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi (4.7mm, 4mm and 4mm zones of inhibition respectively) while the least activity was demonstrated by aqueous extract against Escherichia coli (1mm inhibition zone). The ethanolic extract of G. senegalensis also inhibited Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with (3.5mm, 3mm, and 2.8mm of zones of inhibitions respectively). The crude and the aqueous extracts of both plants showed lower zones of inhibition against all the three organisms. This study shows that the use of G. senegalensis and Prosopis africana leaves as traditional medicine has a lot of potential in treatment of antimicrobial infections with further standardization.
Keywords: Antimicrobial efficacy, Bacteria, Inhibition, Phytochemical, leave extract
Fungicidal Potential of Homeopathic Pellets in the Inhibition of Root Rot Fungi and For Promotion of Crop Plants Productivity (Published)
Root rot pathogens cause heavy economic damages in agricultural field. The aim of this research is to evaluate the fungicidal efficacy of potentised homeopathic pellets (30C) namely Arnica montana and Thuja occidentalis on germination, growth, yield of crop plants and root rot fungi particularly Fusarium spp, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Homeopathic pellets were found to be effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of test fungi in vitro experiment. Whereas, investigation in vivo field experiment showed that A. montana and T. occidentalis pellets @ 75% v/w concentration (prepared from 30C) remarkably control the pathogenic fungi and significantly enhanced the growth parameter and yield of crop plants followed by 50% v/w concentration (prepared from 30C) as compared to control. Experiments have shown positive effect in reducing the intensity of disease caused by root rot pathogen and improve the growth of crop plants.
Keywords: Concentrations, Homeopathic Pellets, Inhibition, Leguminous and Non Leguminous Crops, Root Rot Fungi
