Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) soybean cultivar TGx 1440 -1E cultivation for grain yields and soil microbiome with different soil amendments in humid tropics in the late cropping season of 2010, Abeokuta, Nigeria, at Latitude 70 121 N and Longitude 30 251 E in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Treatments application includes: agro-waste recycled to biofertilizer in anaerobic biodigester with two biofertilizer formulations (GF1 and GF2), sunshine fertilizer (SF) and chemical fertilizer (NPK 20:10:10). Soybean vegetative growth parameters, nodulation, amount of nitrogen fixed, yield and yield components were determined at 8 weeks after planting (WAP). GF2 had significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of leaves. GF1 had significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of pods and seed weight/plant with lower biological nitrogen fixation, compared to other treatments. Soybean cultivars breeders should integrate biofertilizer into seed development programme, that bypass the naturalized soil rhizobia and nodulate only with highly effective inoculant strains under environmental stress, improved soil resilience for climate mitigation with rhizosphere-microbial interactions to manage soybean cyst nematode (SCN). Smart agriculture framework developed impacts on trans-disciplinary approach, soyabean cultivation nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), remote access to agriculture data in real-time, crop development, supply chain management, proftability and biofertilizer varietal characteristics.
Keywords: Agriculture 5.0, Biofertilizer, Biological nitogen fixation, Microbiome, Nodulation, Rhizobium, Rhizosphere engineering, Soyabean, Wicked Problems, sensors, soil health
